How Adding A Pragmatic To Your Life Can Make All The Change
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작성자Ima 댓글댓글 0건 조회조회 19회 작성일 24-10-21 20:11본문
Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they had access to were important. RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic issues such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a popular tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has its drawbacks. The DCT, for example, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 무료 슬롯 (Socialinplace.Com) the DCT is now one of the most significant instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to examine a variety of issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners' speech.
Recent research has used the DCT as an instrument to test the ability to resist of EFL students. The participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the choices provided. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criterion are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' choices in their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four main factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analysed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given scenario.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
A key question of pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research sought to answer this question by using various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and affordances. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university.
The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could face if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their local friends might consider them "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students from L2. This will also assist educators to improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. This method makes use of various sources of data like interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
The first step in a case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which can be omitted. It is also useful to review the existing literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and put the issue in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses.
Additionally, the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 on their next attempt. They were required to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. For instance, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do so.
In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they had access to were important. RIs from TS and ZL for instance, cited their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on core pragmatic issues such as:
Discourse Construction Tests
The discourse completion test is a popular tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has its drawbacks. The DCT, for example, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is prone to bias and may cause overgeneralizations. It is essential to analyze it carefully before it is used in research or evaluation.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This can assist researchers understand the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, 프라그마틱 슬롯 체험 무료 슬롯 (Socialinplace.Com) the DCT is now one of the most significant instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to examine a variety of issues, including politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choice. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners' speech.
Recent research has used the DCT as an instrument to test the ability to resist of EFL students. The participants were given an array of scenarios and asked to choose the appropriate response from the choices provided. The researchers found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods.
DCTs can be designed with specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criterion are intuitive and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They aren't always correct, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interaction. This issue calls for further research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
A recent study examined DCT responses to requests submitted by students through email with those obtained from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' choices in their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also required to provide reflections on their opinions and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four main factors that included their personalities, multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relational affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data were analysed to identify the participants' choices in terms of their pragmatics. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance using DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees were asked to explain their choice of pragmatic behavior in a given scenario.
The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then examined using descriptive statistics and z-tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or departing from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14, CLKs preferred convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coders worked in an iterative manner and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine whether they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Interviews with Refusal
A key question of pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research sought to answer this question by using various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their native language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. Then, they were invited to a RI where they were asked to consider their responses to the DCT situations.
The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could produce native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their decision to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, such as relationships and affordances. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university.
The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could face if their local social norms were not followed. They were concerned that their local friends might consider them "foreigners" and believe they are incompetent. This worry was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their applicability in specific situations and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students from L2. This will also assist educators to improve their methods of teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. This method makes use of various sources of data like interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This type of investigation is useful for examining unique or complex subjects which are difficult to assess using other methods.
The first step in a case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help you determine which aspects of the topic must be investigated and which can be omitted. It is also useful to review the existing literature to gain a better knowledge of the subject and put the issue in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its specific benchmarks for Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were highly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a departure from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their responses.
Additionally, the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year of university, and were aiming to reach level 6 on their next attempt. They were required to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving a hypothetical interaction with their interactants and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to use when making a request. Interviewees were then asked to justify their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. For instance, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and she therefore did not want to inquire about her interactant's well-being with a heavy workload despite her belief that native Koreans would do so.
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