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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types of plants produce distinct flavors. Learn more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is only grown in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans make up 75% of all global production. Arabica beans have a milder and sweeter flavor than Robusta. They are available in a variety profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions in which it is grown and the processing methods used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that sprout in bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is considered to be the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which can be used in various brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor as well as body and acidity of the gourmet coffee beans. It is typically preferred to achieve a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean around the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants found naturally. However, these acids could cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a efficient crop to grow.

Although it might seem odd, Robusta beans are often mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you notice names like Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bean company bags it's possible that there's also some robusta.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans but the majority do a mix of the two varieties in order to cut costs and ensure quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it is essential to select a premium coffee beans bean from a source that you are confident with. The best method to achieve this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which makes them different from other types of coffee beans sale beans. They have a unique aroma that is floral and fruity with smokey undertones. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give a fuller, more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can buy seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure high-quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once considered to be a separate species but was re-classified as a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans shop beans are ovals that are cultivated on 20-30 foot unroasted coffee beans plants at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is tart and sour, which makes them a popular option for blends in the home. They have a less pronounced aroma and higher caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but they do have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as popular as Arabica and Robusta although they're fourth popular. In fact they were regarded as distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are shaped in the shape of a teardrop and have a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are commonly used to give blends more body and a rich, tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are renowned for their the most delicious taste. They thrive in tropical, warm environments and at high altitudes. They have a little acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are smaller and rounder but they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

After having a better understanding of the four most popular types of brew, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor opt for an arabica or a blend made up of robusta beans and arabica beans.