What Pragmatic Experts Want You To Be Able To
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작성자Elvin 댓글댓글 0건 조회조회 25회 작성일 24-10-28 22:59본문
Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' understanding and ability to draw on relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. The RIs from TS & ZL for instance, cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has a few drawbacks. The DCT for instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. Furthermore the DCT can be biased and may cause overgeneralizations. This is why it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or for assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners' speech.
Recent research utilized the DCT as an instrument to test the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with various scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other data collection methods.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It employed various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, 프라그마틱 무료체험 MQs, and RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, 프라그마틱 게임, delphi.larsbo.org, and relationship advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' rational choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and 프라그마틱 플레이 z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders who were independent. Coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, including DCTs, MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that CLKs on average, 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could produce patterns that resembled natives. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also referred external factors, like relationship advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate more relaxed performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are not intelligent. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Furthermore this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that uses multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also beneficial to study the research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answers, which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
Additionally, the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. TS, for example stated that she was difficult to talk to and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
CLKs' understanding and ability to draw on relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. The RIs from TS & ZL for instance, cited their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their rational decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see the example 2).
This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean published up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has a few drawbacks. The DCT for instance, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. Furthermore the DCT can be biased and may cause overgeneralizations. This is why it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or for assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness can be a strength. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate many issues, such as politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners' speech.
Recent research utilized the DCT as an instrument to test the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were presented with various scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other data collection methods.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and is based on the assumptions made by the test designers. They may not be accurate, and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more investigation into alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally indirect request forms and used more hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It employed various experimental tools including Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, 프라그마틱 무료체험 MQs, and RIs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results showed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and that their choices were influenced by four main factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, 프라그마틱 게임, delphi.larsbo.org, and relationship advantages. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were analyzed to identify the participants' rational choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine whether they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. The interviewees also had to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and 프라그마틱 플레이 z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as "sorry" or "thank you". This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target languages, leading to a lack of understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, and then coded by two coders who were independent. Coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding were contrasted with the original RI transcripts, giving an indication of how well the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors.
Interviews with Refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners decide to rescind native-speaker pragmatic norms. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a variety of research tools, including DCTs, MQs and RIs. Participants included 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.
The results showed that CLKs on average, 프라그마틱 공식홈페이지 did not conform to the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this even though they could produce patterns that resembled natives. In addition, they were conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities and identities that are multilingual, as well as ongoing life histories. They also referred external factors, like relationship advantages. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate more relaxed performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they are not intelligent. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the norm for Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in various contexts and in particular situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students from L2. Furthermore this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies for teaching and testing the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative strategy that uses participant-centered, in-depth investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that uses multiple data sources to help support the findings, such as interviews and observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to measure using other methods.
In a case study, the first step is to define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones could be left out. It is also beneficial to study the research to gain a broad knowledge of the subject and place the case in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this experiment showed that L2 Korean learners were extremely susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answers, which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
Additionally, the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension.
The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their co-workers and asked to choose one of the following strategies when making an inquiry. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most of the participants attributed their pragmatic resistance to their personality. TS, for example stated that she was difficult to talk to and would not ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
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